掩星接收机误差对大气温度反演精度影响仿真研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王也英  杜晓勇  符养  林龙福  严卫 《气象学报》2008,66(1):101-110

为了评估掩星接收机误差对无线电掩星探测精度的影响,利用EGOPS软件仿真研究了多普勒偏差、多普勒频移、时钟稳定性/单差分、接收机噪声和局部多路径等对GNSS无线电掩星反演大气温度、折射率、密度、压力廓线的影响.模拟设计过程中选择METOP作为接收的LEO卫星,GPS星座作为发射系统,设置GRAS天线.从模拟的567个掩星事件中选择了一个上升掩星事件和一个下降掩星事件进行模拟分析.研究结果表明:对于设置的"最差"情况,温度误差最大值大部分出现在平流层顶附近,其中多普勒偏差引起的温度误差最大值接近2 K,多普勒频移引起的温度误差最大值小于0.3 K,时钟稳定性/单差分引起的温度误差最大值接近3 K,现实接收机噪声引起的温度误差最大值超过了4 K,局部多路径引起的温度误差最大值小于1.5 K.经讨论分析认为:对于高质量的无线电掩星反演,掩星接收机误差源中最主要的是接收机热噪声、时钟稳定性/单差分和多普勒偏差.文中还随机选取了30个掩星事件进行统计分析,将其温度反演结果与ECMWF分析场数据比较得出,温度误差的平均偏差在45 km高度上最大,约为1 K;最大标准偏差出现在平流层顶,约为5 K,这验证了廓线反演算法的有效性,表明了误差分析结果的正确性和普遍性.  相似文献   

棉花冠层阴阳叶空间分布的日变化及其对光合作用的影响          下载免费PDF全文

张雪松  申双和  宋洁  周晓冬  李永秀   《大气科学学报》2010,33(2):180-185

在2007年7—8月棉花生长旺季,将冠层按高度分多层,通过简单的试验方法确定了棉冠内叶片丛聚指数(clumping index,Ω),以此区分计算出田间各层逐时阳叶(受光叶)和阴叶(被遮荫叶)叶面积指数的动态值。在8月23日用LI-6400R便携式光合测量系统分多层分别测定阴、阳叶单张叶片净光合作用的日变化,结合阴、阳叶面积权重,探讨利用Ω区分阴阳叶之后对整个冠层日总光合作用的影响。试验结果表明:(1)花铃期棉花冠层内Ω约为0.68;(2)利用Ω计算得到8月23日冠层日间(09:00—18:00)总净光合作用日平均值大约为20.3μmol·m-2·s-1,其中阳叶贡献约占总量的72%,阴叶约占总量的28%;(3)上层叶片贡献约占总量的75%,中层叶片约占总量的22%,下层叶片约占总量的3%。  相似文献   

近46a黑龙江水稻障碍型冷害及其与气候生产力的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姜丽霞  李帅  申双和  闫平  韩俊杰  朱海霞  纪仰慧  郭建平 《南京气象学院学报》2010,33(3):315-320

利用黑龙江省稻作区46 a（1961—2006年）每年7—8月逐日平均气温、5—9月逐旬平均气温、降水量资料,采用气候统计方法分析了自然低温下障碍型冷害发生的规律和时空变化特征,基于logistic曲线方程模拟粳稻气候生产力,建立起5个区域粳稻气候生产力与障碍型冷害期间平均温度和冷害持续时间的关系模型。结果表明,近46 a间,20世纪70年代是障碍型冷害高发期,20世纪80年代是障碍型冷害发生频率由多至少的转折期,21世纪初为低发期。黑龙江省北部稻作区、东部稻作区和中部稻作区为障碍型冷害重发区,南部稻作区为中等发生区,西部稻作区为轻发区。5个区域障碍型冷害发生期间的平均温度与粳稻气候生产力相关性均不显著,而冷害持续时间对粳稻气候生产力影响显著,并具有明显的地域差异,北部、东部和南部极显著（通过0.01信度的显著性检验）,冷害持续时间每延长1 d,北部、东部和南部粳稻气候生产力分别下降119.89 kg/hm^2、213.60 kg/hm^2、133.84 kg/hm^2,西部和中部影响不显著。  相似文献   

华北平原不同生长发育期作物长势对气候因子的响应研究     

苗晨  申双和  贾根锁 《气候与环境研究》2014,19(6):703-712

利用卫星遥感归一化植被指数(NDVI)时间序列数据和站点气象数据,从农作物生长发育过程的角度,分析了1981~2008年华北平原农田在12个生长发育期(冬小麦8个、夏玉米4个)对降水和温度不同的响应特征。研究区农田植被指数对降水响应的滞后性强于对温度的滞后性,其中对降水最为敏感的是前1和前2个生长发育期,对温度最为敏感的是同期和前1个生长发育期。不同种类作物在不同时期对气候因子响应不同:冬小麦发育中后期、夏玉米发育中期,绝大多数站点植被指数与降水呈正相关;冬小麦生长发育前中期植被指数与温度呈显著甚至极显著正相关。冬小麦出苗期温度、返青期温度和返青期降水分别与不同时期植被指数显著相关,出苗期和返青期为研究区农田长势对气候因子响应的敏感期。  相似文献   

A three-dimensional variational ocean data assimilation system:Scheme and preliminary results   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

ZHU Jiang  ZHOU Guangqing  YAN Changxiang  FU Weiwei  YOU Xiaobao 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(11):1212-1222

A new 3DVAR-based Ocean Variational Analysis System (OVALS) is developed. OVALS is capable of assimilating in situ sea water temperature and salinity observations and satellite altimetry data. As a component of OVALS, a new variational scheme is proposed to assimilate the sea surface height data. This scheme considers both the vertical correlation of background errors and the nonlinear temperature-salinity relationship which is derived from the generalization of the linear balance constraints to the nonlinear in the 3DVAR. By this scheme, the model temperature and salinity fields are directly adjusted from the altimetry data. Additionally, OVALS can assimilate the temperature and salinity profiles from the ARGO floats which have been implemented in recent years and some temperature and salinity data such as from expendable bathythermograph, moored ocean buoys, etc. A 21-year assimilation experiment is carried out by using OVALS and the Tropical Pacific circulation model. The results show that the assimilation system may effectively improve the estimations of temperature and salinity by assimilating all kinds of observations. Moreover, the root mean square errors of temperature and salinity in the upper depth less than 420 m reach 0.63℃ and 0.34 psu.  相似文献   

利用ATOVS反演产品分析“云娜”台风   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘喆韩志刚  赵增亮张凤英 李万彪 《应用气象学报》2006,17(4):473-477

ATOVS能接收到穿透台风中心密实云区的微波辐射信息, 利用ATOVS大气参数反演产品分析0414号台风“云娜”的热力结构特征。在准静力平衡假设的前提下, 根据ATOVS对“云娜”台风监测相匹配的4个时次数据, 分别计算出相应的中心海平面最低气压, 同中央气象台利用可见光和红外技术得到的台风报告值相比, 平均偏差为11.8 hPa, 它随时间的变化能显示台风强度演变的过程。  相似文献   

The water-bearing numerical model and its operational forecasting experiments part I: the water-bearing numerical model     

Xia Daqing  Xu Youping 《大气科学进展》1998,15(2):221-232

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Urban heat island monitoring and analysis using a non-parametric model: A case study of Indianapolis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Umamaheshwaran Rajasekar  Qihao Weng 《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2009,64(1):86-96

A procedure for the monitoring an urban heat island (UHI) was developed and tested over a selected location in the Midwestern United States. Nine counties in central Indiana were selected and their UHI patterns were modeled. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) land surface temperature (LST) images taken in 2005 were used for the research. The images were sorted based on cloud cover over the study area. The resulting 94 day and night images were used for the modeling. The technique of process convolution was then applied to the images in order to characterize the UHIs. This process helped to characterize the LST data into a continuous surface and the UHI data into a series of Gaussian functions. The diurnal temperature profiles and UHI intensity attributes (minimum, maximum and magnitude) of the characterized images were analyzed for variations. Skin temperatures within any given image varied between 2–15 ^°C and 2–8 ^°C for the day and night images, respectively. The magnitude of the UHI varied from 1–5 ^°C and 1–3 ^°C over the daytime and nighttime images, respectively. Three dimensional (3-D) models of the day and night images were generated and visually explored for patterns through animation. A strong and clearly evident UHI was identified extending north of Marion County well into Hamilton County. This information coincides with the development and expansion of northern Marion County during the past few years in contrast to the southern part. To further explore these results, an Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) 2004 land use land cover (LULC) dataset was analyzed with respect to the characterized UHI. The areas with maximum heat signatures were found to have a strong correlation with impervious surfaces. The entire process of information extraction was automated in order to facilitate the mining of UHI patterns at a global scale. This research has proved to be promising approach for the modeling and mining of UHIs from large amount of remote sensing images. Furthermore, this research also aids in 3-D diachronic analysis.  相似文献   

卫星轨道参数对LEO－LEO掩星事件数量及分布影响的模拟研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

杜晓勇  符养  薛震刚  郭粤宁  毛节泰 《地球物理学报》2007,50(5):1289-1297

文章对LEO－LEO卫星掩星事件的特性进行了深入讨论，通过仿真计算定量讨论了轨道参数对掩星事件次数及分布的影响.结果指出：1)对一年掩星事件数量及其纬度分布影响大的轨道参数依次是轨道倾角、轨道高度、升交点赤经和近地点角距；而这些参数对一年掩星事件的经度分布影响都不大；2)发射卫星和接收卫星倾角之间的相互关系对掩星事件数量和纬度分布影响最大，两卫星倾角接近互补时掩星事件最多, 两颗LEO卫星中与90°相差较大的倾角决定了LEO－LEO掩星事件的纬度分布范围；3)发射卫星和接收卫星处于同一轨道高度时，LEO－LEO掩星事件数取得极大值，发射卫星和接收卫星都采用600 km的轨道高度，一年LEO－LEO掩星事件数最多；4) 发射卫星和接收卫星升交点赤经(RAAN)的相互关系对LEO－LEO掩星事件数量影响很大，发射卫星和接收卫星升交点赤经之差为120°或240°时掩星事件数量最多，RAAN对掩星事件纬度和经度分布影响不大；5)近地点角距对掩星事件数量和分布影响都不大.该研究结果对LEO－LEO掩星探测卫星的轨道设计有一定的参考作用.  相似文献   

Effect of stratospheric O3 depletion on tropospheric SO2 column in Antarctica     

《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2007,69(12):1377-1387

When ozone is depleted in the stratosphere during ozone-hole period, UV-B radiation, which is normally absorbed in this region, penetrates into the troposphere. As a result, the behavior of several species in the troposphere, which interact with UV-B radiation, is likely to change. Sulfur dioxide is predominantly found in the troposphere. To study the behavior of sulfur dioxide during this event, a Brewer spectrophotometer was installed at Maitri (70.7°S, 11.7°E) in Antarctica in July 1999. With this instrument, the vertical column density of SO₂ was measured from September 1999 to December 2003. We have observed an increase in SO₂ column density during an ozone-hole event. The magnitude of increase is different in different years, on average, by a factor of ∼5 (from ∼0.5 to ∼2.5 DU). Simultaneously, the maximum value of UV-B flux at the ground was also measured. We have observed that during the ozone-hole period, the UV-B flux also increased by different amounts during different years, by a factor of ∼3–5. Good correlation has been found between SO₂ column and UV-B flux but no correlation has been found between O₃ column and UV-B flux from the middle of September to the middle of November. Using a simple steady-state chemical reaction scheme, an attempt has been made to examine whether the increase in UV-B flux could increase the SO₂ column during the ozone-hole period.  相似文献